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Producción de metabolitos secundarios de plantas mediante el cultivo in vitro
Resumen
El cultivo in vitro de células y tejidos es una fuente alternativa para la producción de valiosos compuestos activos a partir de plantas. El cultivo de células indiferenciadas ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones, sin embargo, un gran interés ha despertado en el cultivo de raíces y órganos durante los últimos años. Diferentes estrategias in vitro han sido desarrolladas con el objetivo de incrementar el contenido de metabolitos secundarios en plantas e incluso han permitido la obtención de nuevos compuestos de gran interés en la industria farmacéutica, fundamentalmente. Este trabajo persiguió como objetivo abordar los principales aspectos científicos de la producción de metabolitos secundarios de plantas mediante el uso del cultivo in vitro. Son notables las técnicas de cultivo empleadas así como las estrategias relacionadas con el empleo de biorreactores, procesos de elicitación y la ingeniería metabólica como las más promisorias para la producción de metabolitos secundarios de alto valor en la industria. En esta reseña se ponen en evidencia estos aspectos así como las perspectivas futuras de la producción de metabolitos secundarios in vitro.
Palabras clave: biorreactores, compuestos naturales, cultivo de órganos, elicitores, ingeniería metabólica
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