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Introducción al sistema inmune en plantas
Resumen
Muchas plantas son invadidas por microorganismos patógenos que deterioran su crecimiento y reproducción. Las plantas poseen un sistema de defensa que va desde barreras físicas hasta señales moleculares y sistémicas, similares a la inmunidad innata en animales. Este sistema actúa de dos formas fundamentales: la primera responde a moléculas comunes de muchas clases de microorganismos patógenos y no patógenos y la segunda responde directamente a factores de virulencia de los patógenos o a sus efectores en el hospedante. El conocimiento detallado del sistema inmune de las plantas y las relaciones moleculares evolutivas que se establecen entre los dos organismos permitirá una mejor comprensión de la interacción planta-patógeno. Ello redundaría en una mejor manipulación genética de las plantas con el objetivo de lograr resistencia a patógenos con una mejora de las cosechas para la producción de alimentos. En este trabajo se realiza un compendio sobre las características, interacciones moleculares y bioquímicas de los dos mecanismos de defensa en las plantas, así como las estrategias empleadas por los patógenos para suprimir ambas fases de la inmunidad.
Palabras clave: ETI, interacción planta-patógeno, PTI
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Biotecnología Vegetal eISSN 2074-8647, RNPS: 2154. ISSN 1609-1841, RNPS: 0397 Editada por: Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas. Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas. Carretera a Camajuaní km 5.5, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba CP 54 830 Tel: 53 42200124, e-mail: info@ibp.co.cu
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