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Empleo de métodos biotecnológicos para la propagación de ñame
Resumen
En el cultivo del ñame, la propagación convencional presenta bajos índices de multiplicación. Por ello, ha sido necesario el uso de métodos biotecnológicos para garantizar la disponibilidad de material vegetal de plantación. La producción de plantas in vitro y microtubérculos permite la obtener semillas con calidad fisiológica y sanitaria, pero los protocolos desarrollados han presentado limitaciones para su empleo comercial. Los microtubérculos presentan numerosas ventajas en comparación con las plantas in vitro, pero estos se han obtenido en medios de cultivo en estado semisólido y se han caracterizado por una masa fresca promedio inferior a 0.5 g que ha limitado su utilización. El empleo de sistemas de cultivo semi-automatizado puede constituir una alternativa de gran interés para la formación de microtubérculos de ñame que permita emplearlos como material vegetal de plantación directo en campo. El presente trabajo presenta una revisión de literatura científica sobre los aspectos anteriores.
Palabras clave: Dioscorea spp., material vegetal de plantación, microtubérculos
Referencias
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