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Uso de meta-topolina, una citoquinina no convencional en la multiplicación in vitro de Opuntia stricta Haw.
Resumen
El nopal erecto (Opuntia stricta Haw) es una alternativa importante que se utiliza para alimentar a los rumiantes durante períodos prolongados de sequía. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes tipos y concentraciones de citoquininas en los aspectos morfofisiológicos de la multiplicación in vitro de O. stricta. Se cultivaron segmentos de O. stricta en medio de cultivo líquido y semisólido de Murashige y Skoog (MS) con 2.22 o 1.11 µM l-1 de 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP) y 1.11 µM l-1 de meta-Topolina (mT). El experimento se realizó en una sala de crecimiento a 25 ± 2 °C durante un período de 45 días. Se evaluaron la tasa de multiplicación, el índice de formación de brotes, la formación de raíces y callos, la biomasa fresca, la altura, la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes y el contenido de peróxido de hidrógeno y malondialdehído. El experimento se realizó con un diseño completamente al azar con seis tratamientos y doce repeticiones. Los resultados mostraron que la consistencia del medio de cultivo influyó en el desarrollo de brotes y en la emisión de raíces. El aumento en las concentraciones de BAP resultó en una reducción en la longitud y la biomasa fresca de los brotes y en el sistema radicular. La actividad enzimática y el estrés oxidativo se indujeron con el uso de 6-bencilaminopurina. La micropropagación de O. stricta se mejoró con el uso de mT, verificado a través de brotes con mejor calidad morfofisiológica para la aclimatización con mayor longitud de brotes, enraizamiento y reducción en la aparición de hiperhidricidad, un trastorno morfofisiológico que conduce a grandes pérdidas de micropropagación de esta especie.
Palabras clave: anomalías morfofisiológicas, enzima antioxidante, estrés in vitro, hiperhidricidad
Palabras clave
Referencias
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