Begomovirus de afectación en tomate: una revisión sistemática de los rangos de plantas hospedantes, su sintomatología y sus métodos de diagnóstico

Royer E Norato Romero, Ligia C Sánchez Leal

Resumen


El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) constituye uno de los cultivos de mayor importancia a nivel mundial, tanto así, que su producción para el año 2019 estuvo por encima de los 180 millones de toneladas. No obstante, el cultivo de tomate es susceptible a diversidad de enfermedades virales. Se estima que existen 136 especies de virus que afectan este cultivo. Los begomovirus son virus de ADN, monopartita o bipartita, que generan diversidad de enfermedades en el tomate y contribuyen a pérdidas económicas significativas, su vector es la mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci) (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Se le atribuye la transferencia de begomovirus entre plantas hospedantes distintas, que favorecen las infecciones mixtas en los cultivos y mayor variedad por el proceso de recombinación. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el rango de plantas hospedantes de begomovirus de afectación en tomate y sus métodos de diagnóstico. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de publicaciones alusivas al tema en las bases de datos Google académico, Pubmed y ResearchGate, desde el año 2000 hasta el año 2020. Como resultados se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión sobre las publicaciones, para su elegibilidad. Se identificaron, un total de 210 plantas hospedantes de begomovirus, repartidas en 39 familias. Adicionalmente, las técnicas de mayor aplicabilidad en los estudios para el diagnóstico de begomovirus en plantas hospedantes, son de carácter molecular (PCR. Secuenciación e hibridación) en comparación con las técnicas basadas en inmunoensayos.


Palabras clave


Bemisia tabaci, reservorios, Solanum lycospersicum L., TYLCV

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Referencias


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