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Mutagénesis in vitro en suspensiones celulares embriogénicas de banano cv. Grande naine (Musa AAA)
Resumen
La embriogénesis somática es un proceso útil para la propagación clonal y el mejoramiento genético por inducción de mutaciones. Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de radiaciones Gamma fuente 60Co en suspensiones celulares embriogénicas de banano cv. ‘Grande naine’ (Musa AAA) hasta la conversión en plantas. Se aplicaron diferentes dosis de radiación (0, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 y 80 Gy) a suspensiones celulares embriogénicas en fase de multiplicación y posteriormente se pusieron a formar, madurar y germinar los embriones. Para determinar la respuesta ex vitro de la población de plantas obtenidas estas se transfirieron a casa de cultivo.Los resultados mostraron que con el indicador masa fresca de los embriones somáticos formados no se observaron diferencias entre el efecto de las diferentes dosis de radiación aplicadas y el control. Sin embargo, la dosis de radiación afectó el porcentaje de formación y germinación de embriones somáticos. Con el empleo de 40 Gy se regeneraron plantas con variaciones fenotípicas. Los resultados en casa de cultivo evidenciaron que a medida que aumentaron las dosis de radiación hasta 50 Gy se incrementó la frecuencia de variaciones. Con dosis de radiación superiores se afectó la supervivencia de las plantas.
Palabras clave: dosis de radiación, embrión somático, radiaciones Gamma, radiosensibilidad
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