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Composición fitoquímica y actividad antibacteriana de extractos de hoja de Hamelia patens Jacq.
Resumen
El ponasí (Hamelia patens Jacq.) es un arbusto distribuido ampliamente en las regiones tropicales y de uso en la medicina tradicional para el tratamiento de heridas y procesos inflamatorios. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la composición fitoquímica y la actividad antibacteriana de extractos de hojas de ponasí presentes en áreas cercanas al Jardín Botánico de Matanzas, en la provincia de Matanzas, Cuba. Se colectaron hojas sanas en las cuales se determinaron las cantidades relativas de metabolitos secundarios y se cuantificó el contenido de fenoles solubles, ligados a pared celular y totales, así como de azúcares reductores. Se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana del extracto etanólico frente a Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis y Escherichia coli. Se observó la presencia de terpenos, flavonoides, cumarinas, taninos, esteroides y glucósidos cardiotónicos en extractos metanólicos y etanólicos, que en el solvente etanólico estuvieron representados en mayores proporciones. El extracto etanólico de hoja tuvo un efecto antibacteriano frente a S. aureus y S. epidermidis, mientras que no mostró actividad inhibitoria frente a E. coli. El estudio fitoquímico y microbiológico realizado evidencia las potencialidades de Hamelia patens Jacq. como fuente de compuestos bioactivos con diferentes actividades biológicas y justifica el uso etnobotánico de esta especie en el tratamiento de infecciones bacterianas.
Palabras clave: fenoles, metabolitos secundarios, ponasí, Staphylococcus aureus
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